What technologies do the IEEE 802.11n wireless standard utilize to achieve high data rates?

The IEEE 802.11n wireless standard utilizes multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) technology along with spatial multiplexing to achieve high data rates. MIMO involves the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver sides, which allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple data streams. This increases the capacity of the wireless link without requiring additional bandwidth.

Spatial multiplexing, a key feature of MIMO, takes advantage of the multipath propagation of radio signals. It sends different data streams over various paths, enabling increased data throughput and improved performance in environments where signal paths may bounce off walls or other obstacles.

By combining these technologies, 802.11n is able to significantly enhance data rates compared to previous standards that relied on simpler transmission methods. This capability not only allows for faster data transfer but also provides better coverage and overall network performance in various scenarios, such as in crowded environments.

Options that involve single input, single output (SISO), or alternative access technologies like FDMA and TDMA do not utilize the same scalability and efficiency as MIMO and spatial multiplexing, thus limiting their effectiveness in achieving the high performance that 802.11n is known for.